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Everything You Need to Know About Virginia Rental Property Management Laws
Whether you're a first-time landlord or an experienced property manager, staying informed about Virginia's rental property management laws is critical to avoiding costly mistakes and ensuring a smooth landlord-tenant relationship. The Commonwealth of Virginia has specific regulations that govern how rental properties should be managed, and being aware of these laws protects both landlords and tenants.
Here’s a comprehensive breakdown of the most important rules every Virginia rental property owner or manager should know.
Key Laws Landlords and Property Managers Should Know
At the core of Virginia’s rental laws is the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (VRLTA). This act applies to most residential rental properties and outlines the rights and responsibilities of both landlords and tenants.
Virginia landlords must also comply with federal and state fair housing laws, including the Fair Housing Act and the Virginia Human Rights Act. These laws prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, or source of income.
Additionally, landlords are required to maintain properties that meet habitability standards—meaning the unit must be safe, sanitary, and livable. That includes working utilities, proper ventilation, pest control, and compliance with health and safety codes.
Security Deposits
Virginia allows landlords to collect a security deposit of up to two months’ rent. After a tenant moves out, the landlord has 45 days to return the deposit, along with an itemized list of any deductions for damages beyond normal wear and tear.
If the tenant requests it, landlords must also conduct a move-out inspection within five days of the lease ending.
Rent Rules and Increases
Virginia does not have statewide rent control laws. Landlords are free to set rental rates and increase them as needed. However, for month-to-month tenancies, landlords must provide at least 30 days' written notice before increasing the rent.
Late fees must be reasonable and clearly outlined in the lease. Virginia limits late fees to either 10% of the monthly rent or 10% of the balance due, whichever is less.
Entry and Privacy Laws
Landlords in Virginia are required to provide at least 24 hours’ notice before entering a rental unit for non-emergency reasons, such as inspections, maintenance, or showings. In emergency situations, such as a burst pipe or fire, landlords may enter without prior notice.
Evictions and Lease Terminations
To initiate an eviction in Virginia, landlords must follow specific legal steps:
- For nonpayment of rent, landlords must serve a 5-day "Pay or Quit" notice.
- For lease violations, a 30-day notice may be required (with an opportunity to correct the issue in many cases).
- If the tenant doesn’t comply, the landlord must file an unlawful detainer action in court.
Importantly, self-help evictions (changing locks, shutting off utilities, or removing tenant belongings) are illegal in Virginia. Only the court can authorize an eviction.
Local Ordinances and Additional Considerations
Some counties and cities in Virginia have their own local ordinances, especially when it comes to short-term rentals, licensing, or inspections. For example, Fairfax County requires certain rental properties to register or comply with specific zoning regulations.
If you manage property across multiple jurisdictions, it’s essential to research and comply with each area's specific rules.
Final Thoughts
Virginia’s rental property laws are designed to create a fair and balanced framework for both landlords and tenants. Understanding and following these regulations isn’t just about legal compliance—it’s about building trust, preventing disputes, and protecting your investment.
Because rental laws can evolve, it's a good idea to consult legal professionals or work with a licensed property management company that stays up to date on all the latest changes.
